Mr Futbol Fred

Steady State Theory- 

In cosmology, the Steady State theory (also known as the Infinite Universe theory or continuous creation) is a model developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi and others as an alternative to the Big Bang theory (known, usually, as the standard cosmological model). In some steady state views, new matter is continuously created as the universe expands, so that the perfect cosmological principle is adhered to. Although the model had a large number of supporters among cosmologists in the 1950s and 1960s, the number of supporters decreased markedly in the late 1960s with the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, and today only a very small number of supporters remain. The key importance of the steady-state model is that as a competitor to the Big Bang, it was an impetus in generating some of the most important research in astrophysics, much of which ultimately ended up supporting the Big Bang theory.

Static universe-

The idea of a static universe or “Einstein’s universe” is one which demands that space is not expanding nor contracting but rather is dynamically stable. Albert Einstein proposed such a model as his preferred cosmology by adding a cosmological constant to his equations of general relativity to counteract the dynamical effects of gravity which in a universe of matter would cause the universe to collapse. This motivation evaporated after the discovery by Edwin Hubble that the universe is not static, but expanding; in particular, Hubble discovered a relationship between redshift and distance, which forms the basis for the modern expansion paradigm. This led Einstein to declare this cosmological model, and especially the introduction of the cosmological constant, his “biggest blunder”.

a. Hubble’s involvement in space research.

Edwin Hubble stated that the universe is expanding and that the further away the galaxies and the stars are, the faster they are reciding from us.

b. What the space telescope does.

The Hubble space telescope is a space telescope that was carried into earths orbit by the space shuttle in April 1990. The Hubble space telescope taught us about asteroids, meteors, planets and stars.

c. Where is it?

It is travelling around the earth about 569km up. Alsmost as big as a school bus, and weighing 14 500 pounds, the telescope travels around the earth at 5 miles per second.

d. What Hubble’s constant is.

Hubble’s initial value for the expansion rate, now called Hubble’s constant, was approximately 500km/s Mpc or about 160km/second per million- light years.

Articles of Interest: Car Design

Article 1

Article 2

Article 3

Article 4

After reading the above articles:

Identify the key considerations that a car designer must examine before developing a design plan.

Students are to write a 1 page review focusing on this preliminary research.

There are some key considerations that a car designer must examine before developing a design plan.

The Victorian Automobile Chamber of Commerce (VACC) runs target competitions for young designers. They do this to highlight the high tech nature of the indusrty to students in secondary schools and universities. The VACC’s  Tom O’Brien says that the overall brief is to be creatuve and think beyond the boundaries of the cars today. The five main criteria are:

• What changes might we see in city, urban and regional transport environments in 2020?
• What changes might we see in vehicles? How will the cars of 2020 be powered?
• How will fuels, composites and technologies employed in the cars of 2020 vary from today’s cars?
• What effect will social and environmental challenges have on personal transport and transport infrastructure in the year 2020?
• How will the environmental impact of personal transport be minimised?